Indonesia Today

At least five people, including three aged under five, died recently from malnutrition in Rote Ndao, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), following government "financial difficulties".

Head of the Rote Ndao health office Jonathan Lenggu said the victims suffered from complications such as diarrhea, tuberculosis and high fever that led to their deaths.

"Malnourished people are quite prone to diseases such as diarrhea, TB and dengue because they have low immunity," he said Thursday.

Lenggu said three of the victims died this week and two last week, but gave no other details.

Head of health issues at the provincial government, Maxi Taopan, said the five dead had been suffering from malnutrition for a long time, but the local government had not been able to respond immediately because of a "financial problem".

"After the central government ended financial assistance in 2007, malnutrition has become uncontrollable. Still, the province has proposed an allocation of Rp 56 billion to address the issue," he said.

He called on the coordinating minister for people's welfare to visit the regency to assess poverty and malnutrition.

"If the government accepts our request, we will use the funds to supply food to poor families and revitalize women's and children's health posts in rural areas across the province," he said.

Up to 90,000 of the 497,577 children aged under five in the province are suffering from malnutrition, and 12,400 have had complications, according to the provincial government's 2008 data.

Taopan said the highest number of malnutrition sufferers with clinical disorders was found in North Timor Tengah, with 81 patients being treated in clinics and hospitals, followed by 27 in West Sumba and 13 in Rote Ndao.

"The highest frequency is in South Timor Tengah with 12,971 sufferers, followed by more than 8,400 in Sikka, 8,300 in Manggarai, 7,200 in North Timor Tengah and 6,800 in Kupang," he said.

(Yemris Fointuna , The Jakarta Post , Kupang | Sat, 03/08/2008 1:27 AM | Headlines)

The word itself is derived from two Sanskrit words, “panca” meaning five, and “sila” meaning principles. These five tenets of the philosophy are:

• Belief in the one and only God.
• Just and Civilized Humanity.
• The unity of Indonesia.
• Democracy guided by consensus arising out of deliberations amongst representatives.
• Social justice for the whole of the people of Indonesia.

Pancasila was affirmed by Sukarno in 1945 and it forms the basis of the Indonesian constitution. In the time of Suharto Pancasila became much more clearly the state philosophy and great amounts of propaganda were put out to drive the message home. However since the fall of Suharto Pancasila has been in a somewhat awkward position with few standing up to defend it from the assaults of radical Islamic groups. That may be changing now.

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is reported by the Jakarta Post as saying that abandoning the Pancasila state ideology for narrow religious or ethnic-based ideologies will only jeopardize the unity and diversity of the nation. In a speech to commemorate the founding of Pancasila on Thursday, Yudhoyono said the ideology was not an absolute doctrine but a compromise reached by the nation’s founding fathers, who had realized that Indonesia was a country made up of people from many faiths and ethnic groups.

The speech seems to have carried an implicit message to the country’s hardline Muslim groups, which are attempting to have sharia law imposed in various parts of the nation. It also addressed ethnic minority groups, some of which have called for independence from Indonesia.

Pancasila, Yudhoyono said, was an ideology that saw all Indonesians as equal, despite their different faiths and ethnicities.

While these groups had some good values, others were not in the spirit of pluralism and tolerance, he said. Yudhoyono said the political freedoms people had won after 1998 had led to a lessening of central government authority and a surge in identity politics, which was weakening the nation. Instead of seeing themselves as Indonesians, people now tended to group themselves along ethnic, religious or socioeconomic lines, he said.

Meanwhile a group of activists began circulating a petition yesterday seeking nationwide support to preserve Indonesia’s diversity and to fight back against growing intolerance that they warn could tear the nation apart.

Todung Mulya Lubis, a human rights campaigner, said in reading the declaration at a ceremony marking the 61st anniversary of the state ideology Pancasila. The ceremony at the Jakarta Convention Center capped off a series of gatherings held in the past two weeks as people, with the help of prominent universities, sought to restore Pancasila as the unifying national ideology.

While the declaration makes no reference to any particular threat, it was clear from earlier discussions that the activists were particularly concerned at the inroads made by the Muslim religious right in national politics, at times accompanied by the use of force, the Jakarta Post says.

More than a dozen prominent figures and pro-democracy advocates who signed the petition accompanied Lubis on stage as he read the declaration. They included Goenawan Mohamad, Jakob Oetama, Rahman Toleng, H.S. Dillon, Rosita Noor, Karlina Supelli, Azyumardi Azra, Daniel Dhakidae, Mochtar Pabottingi and B. Herry-Priyono.

Among the invited guests were President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his Cabinet members, political leaders and religious leaders.

Also present were members of religious minorities, including from Ahmadiyah, which the Minister of Religion has labeled a deviant Islamic sect. Ahmadiyah followers have been the target of physical attacks in the past year by radical Islamic groups.

These and raids on churches in many parts of Indonesia have raised doubts about the government’s capability to live up to its task in protecting people’s freedom of religion, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution, and their right to practice their faith.

the declaration reads.

Guests were asked to sign the petition on leaving the ceremony, with the declaration also to be circulated nationwide to gain wider support. Thursday was the first time in many years that the Pancasila anniversary was officially commemorated in a grand ceremony, although the initiative came from outside the government.

The hard question remains, how far is the government of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono prepared to go in dealing with the problem of Islamic radicalism, will it take concrete steps rather than just speech-making.